Evaluation of the effect of pleural effusion on central venous pressure in cats   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Gookin JL  Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1999,13(6):561-563

This study was undertaken to determine if pleural effusion (PEF) increases central venous pressure (CVP) in cats, to define any relationship between volume of PEF and CVP and to ascertain the significance of CVP alterations in cats having PEF and suspected right heart failure (RHF). CVP was measured from a jugular vein before (CVPpre) and after (CVPpost) bilateral thoracentesis in 9 cats with naturally occurring PEF and under experimental conditions in 3 spontaneously breathing anesthetized cats receiving graded intrathoracic infusion of saline. Volumes of introduced and recovered fluid were recorded. A significant decrease occurred in CVP after thoracentesis in cats with naturally occurring PEF (mean difference, 4.5 cm H2O; range, 0-7.0 cm H2O, P < .005). The magnitude of change in CVP was constant (r = 0.36, P > .05) over the range of volumes recovered (range, 95-450 mL or 16.4-90 mL/kg). Five cats had CVPpre suggestive of RHF (range, 8.16-20.4 cm H2O). After thoracentesis, RHF was ruled out in 1 cat (CVPpost, 4.08 cm H2O) and the CVP declined but remained abnormally high (9.52 cm H2O) in 1 cat with a mediastinal mass. In 2 cats with confirmed RHF (CVPpre, 20.4 and 16.3 cm H2O), CVP decreased after thoracentesis but remained abnormally high (CVPpost, 14.96 and 10.88 cm H2O). In 1 cat with noncardiogenic PEF and inadequate removal of fluid, CVPpost (8.16 cm H2O) did not decrease. Experimentally, a positive linear relationship was observed between CVP and volume of PEF. The threshold volume required to increase CVP (17 mL/kg) approximated that suggested by clinical observation (22 mL/kg). PEF increases CVP and can cause abnormally high CVP in the absence of RHF.  相似文献   

Development of a new management strategy for the control of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp) in organic vegetable production     

Atkins SD  Hidalgo-Diaz L  Kalisz H  Mauchline TH  Hirsch PR  Kerry BR 《Pest management science》2003,59(2):183-189

The nematophagous fungus, Pochonia chlamydosporia (Goddard) Zare & Gams, has been investigated as a potential biological control agent for use in integrated pest management strategies for Meloidogyne incognita (Kof & White) Chitwood in vegetable crops. The release of the fungus as a biological control agent requires a diagnostic method to monitor its spread in the environment and to gain knowledge of its ecology. Only molecular methods are sufficiently discriminating to enable the detection of specific isolates of fungi in soil. A method to extract DNA from soil was developed to increase the efficacy of PCR-based diagnostic tests that use specific primers. A selected isolate of P chlamydosporia var catenulata was applied at densities similar to those that occur naturally in nematode-suppressive soils. The fungus significantly reduced nematode infestations in soil following a tomato crop, in a strategy that combined the use of the fungus with crop rotation. The survival of the fungus in soil was also examined in controlled conditions in which it remained in soil in densities significantly greater than its original application rate for at least 5 months. Hence, it seems that populations of this fungus may be built up in soil and have significant effects on the regulation of root-knot nematode populations.  相似文献   

Anesthesia and pain management in Russia     

CE Short 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2005,32(4):16-17

There was only limited emphasis on anesthesia and pain management in veterinary colleges in Russia until the last ten years. There is now great interest in improvement by Russia practitioners. This effort is hampered by the lack of approved and available medications and limited instructions. At this time, the small animal practitioners have tranquilizers, alpha₂ agonists local anesthetics and NSAID's for their use. Propofol is available through pharmacies and efforts are being made for veterinarians to use ketamine. Only a few practices have inhalant anesthetic units and halothane. During a recent lecture tour of Russia, general clinical principles and specific anesthetic and pain management protocols were taught. The audience, primarily young and progressive veterinarians, actively participated and showed great desire to practice quality anesthesia and pain management for their patients. Teaching young veterinarians how to manage their cases without the availability of opioids, ketamine advanced anesthetic equipment and monitors was indeed challenging. Protocols for perioperative management consisting of medetomidine with or without local anesthesia followed by carprofen for post-operative pain is an improvement. We sometimes spend so much time discussing which of many drug combinations we will use but seldom consider what we would do if we were practicing our specialty in parts of the world where we would have to modify dosages and combinations to achieve humane care with few drug choices.  相似文献   

Effects of long-term administration of enalapril on clinical indicators of renal function in dogs with compensated mitral regurgitation     

Atkins CE  Brown WA  Coats JR  Crawford MA  DeFrancesco TC  Edwards J  Fox PR  Keene BW  Lehmkuhl L  Luethy M  Meurs K  Petrie JP  Pipers F  Rosenthal S  Sidley JA  Straus J 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2002,221(5):654-658

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of long-term administration of enalapril on renal function in dogs with severe, compensated mitral regurgitation. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. ANIMALS: 139 dogs with mitral regurgitation but without overt signs of heart failure. PROCEDURE: Dogs were randomly assigned to be treated with enalapril (0.5 mg/kg [0.23 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h) or placebo, and serum creatinine and urea nitrogen concentrations were measured at regular intervals for up to 26 months. RESULTS: Adequate information on renal function was obtained from 132 dogs; follow-up time ranged from 0.5 to 26 months (median, 12 months). Mean serum creatinine and urea nitrogen concentrations were not significantly different between dogs receiving enalapril and dogs receiving the placebo at any time, nor were concentrations significantly different from baseline concentrations. Proportions of dogs that developed azotemia or that had a +/- 35% increase in serum creatinine or urea nitrogen concentration were also not significantly different between groups. Conclusions: And Clinical Relevance: Results suggest that administration of enalapril for up to 2 years did not have any demonstrable adverse effects on renal function in dogs with severe, compensated mitral regurgitation.  相似文献   

Prospective clinical evaluation of serum cardiac troponin T in dogs admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital     

DeFrancesco TC  Atkins CE  Keene BW  Coats JR  Hauck ML 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2002,16(5):553-557

The purpose of this study was to measure serum cardiac troponin T (cTnT) with a commercially available human enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) test in various groups of dogs, including those undergoing doxorubicin chemotherapy. Serum samples were obtained from 6 groups of dogs: (1) normal adult dogs (n = 15); (2) dogs with asymptomatic dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 5); (3) dogs with congestive heart failure (n = 10); (4) dogs with untreated neoplasia (n = 20); (5) dogs with skeletal muscle trauma (n = 10); and (6) dogs with neoplasia receiving doxorubicin chemotherapy (n = 4). One serum sample was obtained from each of the normal dogs, those with asymptomatic cardiomyopathy, those with congestive heart failure, and those with untreated neoplasia. Serum samples were obtained serially from the dogs that were undergoing doxorubicin chemotherapy; samples were collected before doxorubicin (30 mg/m2) administration and then 1, 5, 7, and 14 days after administration throughout 6 cycles for a cumulative total dose of 180 mg/m2. All normal dogs, dogs with untreated neoplasia, and dogs with asymptomatic dilated cardiomyopathy had cTnT concentrations below the lower limits of detection for the assay used (<0.05 ng/mL). Detectable concentrations of cTnT were found in 3 dogs with congestive heart failure and in 2 dogs with skeletal muscle trauma. Detectable concentrations also were found in both dogs that had received 180 mg/m2 of doxorubicin. We conclude that dogs with congestive heart failure and those with skeletal muscle trauma and dogs with neoplasia receiving high-dose doxorubicin chemotherapy may have increased serum cTnT concentration, which may be suggestive of myocardial damage.  相似文献   

Progressive tetraparesis and laryngeal paralysis in a young Rottweiler with neuronal vacuolation and axonal degeneration: an Australian case     

CE EGER  CRR HUXTABLE  ZC CHESTER  BA SUMMERS 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(11):733-737

A 5-month-old female Rottweiler dog was diagnosed to have a neurodegenerative disease that has been recently report ed in Rottweilers from North America and Europe. The dog was presented with progressive signs of ataxia, tetraparesis and inspiratory stridor. The clinical investigation included analysis of CSF, radiography, myelography and electrophysiolog-ical testing. No evidence of vertebral malformation or inflammatory CNS disease was identified. Bilateral laryngeal paraly sis was identified in the lightly anaesthetised dog. Electromyography showed abnormal spontaneous activity from the intrin sic musculature of the larynx. At necropsy there were no gross abnormalities of the nervous system but there was atrophy of the dorsal cricoarytenoid muscles of the larynx. There were widespread histological abnormalities throughout the ner vous system including neuronal vacuolation, spongiform changes in the neuropil and axonal degeneration which was most prominent in the spinal cord. These clinical and pathological findings are consistent with the diagnosis of a new neurode-generative disease reported from North America and Europe. This diagnosis is of particular significance in Australia where transmissible spongiform encephalopathies have not been identified.  相似文献   

Changes in Glucocorticoid Receptor Levels of Bovine Lymphocyte and Neutrophil during Estrous Cycle     

PE Martínez  MTP Lopes  MS Martins  AP Marques Jr  CE Salas 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1998,33(2):61-66

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Use of a nitinol gooseneck snare catheter for removal of adult Dirofilaria immitis in two cats     

Small MT  Atkins CE  Gordon SG  Birkenheuer AJ  Booth-Sayer MA  Keene BW  Fujii Y  Miller MW 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2008,233(9):1441-1445

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Effect of ovulatory follicle size and expression of estrus on progesterone secretion in beef cows     

Busch DC  Atkins JA  Bader JF  Schafer DJ  Patterson DJ  Geary TW  Smith MF 《Journal of animal science》2008,86(3):553-563

Induced ovulation of small dominant follicles (SF, < 12 mm; CO-Synch protocol) in postpartum beef cows resulted in formation of corpora lutea (CL) that exhibited a delayed rise in progesterone (P4) compared with CL from large dominant follicles (LF, > 12 mm). Experiment 1 characterized P4 concentrations from ovulation to subsequent estrus among GnRH-induced or spontaneously ovulated SF (or= 12 mm) to determine if P4 secretion by CL formed from GnRH-induced SF remains lower postovulation in nonlactating beef cows. Nonlactating beef cows were induced to ovulate 48 h after PGF(2alpha) (CO-Synch; GnRH on d - 9, PGF(2alpha) on d - 2, and GnRH on d 0) or exhibited estrus and spontaneously ovulated after PGF(2alpha). Follicle size was measured at the second GnRH in cows induced to ovulate or approximately 3 h after the onset of estrus for cows that ovulated spontaneously. Cows were classified into 1 of 4 groups: 1) GnRH-induced ovulation-SF (or= 12 mm; Ind-LF; n = 16); 3) spontaneous ovulation-SF (or= 12 mm; Spon-LF; n = 22). Serum concentrations of P4 from d 3 to 15 were reduced in the Ind-SF compared with the Ind-LF (P = 0.05), Spon-SF (P = 0.07), and Spon-LF (P = 0.03). Experiment 2 characterized P4 concentrations (0 to 60 d postAI) among GnRH-induced or spontaneously ovulated SF (or= 13 mm) to determine if P4 secretion by CL formed from GnRH-induced SF remained lower during early gestation. Ovulation was induced with GnRH 48 h after PGF(2) (CO-Synch) or occurred spontaneously, and ovulatory follicle size was measured at AI. Lactating cows were classified into 1 of 3 groups: 1) GnRH-induced ovulation-SF (or= 13 mm; Ind-LF; n = 43); or 3) spontaneous ovulation-LF (>or= 13 mm; Spon-LF; n = 27). The increase in P4 concentrations was greater (P = 0.06) in pregnant (d 2 to 12) compared with nonpregnant cows. Also, the increase in P4 from d 2 to 12 was greater (P = 0.01) in the Ind-LF compared with the Ind-SF groups, but there was no difference (P = 0.94) among groups in P4 from d 14 to 60 in pregnant cows. Follicle size at AI influenced the increase in P4 in cows that failed to conceive (P = 0.007), but not among cows that became pregnant (P = 0.32) to AI. In summary, P4 secretion after GnRH-induced ovulation of SF was decreased from d 2 to 12 compared with that of LF, but was similar among pregnant cows from d 14 to 60 postAI (d 0).  相似文献   

Media Update     

Gavin Atkins 《Australian veterinary journal》2006,84(3):N18-N18

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